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A Brief History of Medieval Weapons

How Did Medieval Weapons Evolve From Simple Clubs to Complex Machines?
 

Mankind's first weapon was a club.  Simple, yet effective.


However, as mans' need to protect themselves, their family, and their food grew, so did the necessity for better weapons.  During the Middle Ages, there was much fighting and declarations of war because of the struggle over land and farming rights.  As history has shown us time and time again, there are leaps and bounds when it comes to weapons innovations during war time.  


Though most medieval weapons are fairly simple in design, some are much more complex.  An example of this would be the crossbow.  The crossbow is a finely tuned instrument of death, as there are numerous weights and counterweights that must work properly in order for the weapon to fire at all, let alone shoot straight.  A working crossbow was something to be feared indeed.  It is basically a medieval equivalent to our modern day sniper rifle.  The crossbow was silent and shot arrows at a velocity unheard of at the time.  Regular bows could not create enough tension to really blast an arrow, but the crossbow did.  On the exact opposite of the spectrum of weapons, there was the mace.  The mace, though relatively simple in design, was a vicious weapon to use against an opponent.  It is almost barbaric in appearance, yet there is something aesthetically pleasing about the perfect form.  If a mace didn't kill you, it would certainly make you wish you had--what with the disfiguring scars and general damage done when one strikes you.

Swords are the classic medieval weapon of choice.  Swords started off as rugged hammered bits of copper and bronze, only later in the Middle Ages to become the sharp, sleek weapon we think of today.  The invention of steel made truly beautiful and deadly swords possible.  Without steel, swords would still be rather easy to break due to the brittle nature of bronze.  The styles of swords developed throughout the Middle Ages to create a wide variety of sweeping hilts, cross hilts, and basket hilts.  Not to mention the variety of blades that became available.  There were large flat blades for broadswords, narrow flexible blades for rapiers, and curved blades for knights swords.  Blood grooves were perfected during this era as well, because it was useful during battle.  It was difficult to remove a sword from an opponent after death without the blood groove.  The sword formed a sort of vacuum in your opponents' tissue, which proved almost impossible to remove.  In melee battle, this was obviously not desired.  You needed to be able to parry, parry, thrust...remove your sword and repeat.  The invention and perfection of the blood groove in a sword's blade helped to eliminate the vacuum effect so the sword was easily removed from your opponent, allowing you to move onto your next opponent very quickly.

Siege and warfare weapons were also perfected during this era due to the high demand of reliable weapons.  Weapons have come a long way since the Middle Ages, but just remember that most of Europe's major weapon production and invention periods was during the supposed Dark Ages.



 



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